This gallery is maintained as a working page for the development of a Rocks & Minerals article. The content is the copyright of the web page contributors.
Photos with a ★ are additions after September 2020.
46 species, 141 mineral photos, 2 EDS analyses.
For the photos below, the species chemistry is included with the first example of each mineral.
Locality: Keyes #1 Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 4.5 mm apatite crystal on albite.
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer
Catalog No.: 583
Notes:
Locality: Keyes #4 Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 4 cm specimen
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer
Catalog No.: 1186
Notes: This apatite is fluorescent pale mustard yellow.
Locality: Keyes #1 Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 4 mm apatite crystal
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer - 1991
Catalog No.: u393
Notes: The small clear crystals on the apatite are bertrandite.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 15 mm field of view
Field Collected: Dana Jewell 9/1991
Catalog No.: Gordon Jackson #5247
Notes: Tabular zoned crystal.
Locality: Keyes #1 Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 3.3 mm field of view
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer - 1991
Catalog No.:
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 11 cm wide carbonate-rich fluorapatite and close-up
Field Collected: Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen, Fritz Moritz photo.
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1 cm crystal
Field Collected: Ingeborg Burggraf specimen, field collected 1985.
Catalog No.: A Peter Cristofono photo.
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 14 mm field of view
Field Collected: David Busha specimen and photo. Field collected 1980's.
Catalog No.:
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: Purple apatite crystals to 1 cm
Field Collected: Unknown
Catalog No.: A Dartmouth College, Dana Collection specimen. Ed Meyer photograph
Notes:
Locality: Keyes #4 Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 2.5 mm crystal
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer - 10/1959
Catalog No.: u396
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 2.8 mm field of view, top photo.
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer
Catalog No.: u185
Notes: [tm] I have had this cataloged and labeled as rockbridgeite since I collected it in the 1980's. It was a visual identification. In the past decade I have become aware of the frondelite species, chemically close to rockbridgeite, but with Mn replacing about 20% of the Fe. My analyzed NH frondelite is greenish when compared to black NH rockbridgeite. I have two of thse specimens. In both, these greenish balls are in voids of quartz that appear to have been formally occupied by another mineral, perhaps pyrite.
A May 2021 EDS analysis (BC379 set 28) indicated just an iron phosphate. The chemistry indicated by the analysis is Fe2.94P3.0O16.7 . This would be close to rockbridgeite, but also close to barbosalite. The greenish color is more consistent with barbosalite than rockbridgeite.
Rockbridgeite chemistry: Fe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5
Barbosalite chemistry: Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2
No Mn was detected, so not frondelite.
A carbon tape mounted grain from this specimen was analyzed as BC421, set 31. This analysis (2 probes) gave a confusing result that was inconsistent with analysis BC379.... and was likely a mix of two or more species in the sample.
Locality: Keyes #1 Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 0.2 mm bertrandite crystals
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer - 1991
Catalog No.: u393
Notes: These tiny bertrandite crystals are on the u393 apatite.
Locality: Keyes #1 Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 5 cm golden Beryl crystal in feldspar matrix
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer
Catalog No.: 1284
Notes:
Locality: Keyes #1 Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 3.5 cm crystal
Field Collected: Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen. Fritz Moritz photo.
Notes:
Locality: Keyes #1 Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 9 cm crystal
Field Collected:
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen. Fritz Moritz photo.
Notes: [wt] "given to me by a miner at Keyes, 1961"
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1.4 cm specimen with disks.
Field Collected: ex, Clayton Ford
Catalog No.: A Gordon Jackson specimen, #5420
Notes: Disk upper areas coated with micro pyrite crystals.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 11 mm field of view plus close-up
Field Collected: ex, Clayton Ford
Catalog No.: A Gordon Jackson specimen
Notes:
Locality: Keyes #1 Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 0.9 mm chalcopyrite crystal on pyrite crystal
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer - 1980's
Catalog No.: u060
Notes: [tm] I just found this chalcopyrite crystal Nov., 2020 when cleaning clay-mud from this cataloged pyrite specimen. For a well-formed, isolated, chalcopyrite crystal, this one is quite good for New Hampshire - from any locale.
Chalcopyrite has not been previously reported from the Keyes mines.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 7 mm field of view
Field Collected: Unknown
Catalog No.: Ex. Vince Valade. Acquired by Gordon Jackson 2007, #5422
Notes: [tm] I am going with childrenite on this one, but EDS confirmation is needed.
The specimen has many multi-mm childrenite crystals, unfortunately almost all are broken. Most are at least partially coated with mitridatite. The childrenite in this photo (one of the few complete ones) has some of the mitridatite coating flaked off, exposing the dark-brown color of the childrenite underneath. Tabular, white apatites are present on this 4 cm specimen. Gordon's label also includes "hydroxylapatite", for the tabular white apatites present. Also on this piece are several pseudo-cubic, clear crystals that are likely goyazite.
A polished grain EDS analysis done on this mineral in May, 2021 (BC385 set 28) showed it is childrenite, near the midpoint of the childrenite-eosphorite series. The chemistry indicated by the analysis is: (Fe0.34,Mn0.24,Ca0.18)Al0.95P1.0O7.4 normalized for one P. Dana's System of Mineralogy states "small amounts of Ca and Mg [may] substitute for (Fe,Mn) in some analyses."
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 0.8 mm acicular crystal in albite vug.
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer
Catalog No.: u2512
Notes: EDS analysis (BC382 set 28) indicated this tourmaline is very near the midpoint of the dravite-schorl series.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: A 7.0 mm crystal in albite vug.
Field Collected: Jim Grandy, 1979
Catalog No.: Woody Thompson #5108
Notes: EDS confirmed, Al Falster. [tm] A very remarkable specimen from New Hampshire. It is reassuring to see other elbaite specimens from the Keyes Mine.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 2.0 mm field of view
Field Collected: Label on bottom says "Mtd Cares - 85 Donated G. George 86"
Catalog No.: Harvard specimen #6037
Notes: A very low count, noisy, EDS plot BC343-CT set29, indicated a Fe, Mn, Al, Ca phosphate. The poor data quality precludes a definitive identification. An analysis redo is needed. The moderate calcium response is a problem for an eosphorite ID.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 4.5 mm field of view. Honey-brown embedded blades of eosphorite.
Field Collected: Woody Thompson
Catalog No.: Woody Thompson #5272
Notes: Woody's label notes: "Confirmed by Al Falster 7/2021 by EDS."
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 2 mm crystal
Field Collected: ex. Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen - #5017-a
Notes: A very low count, noisy, EDS plot BC342-CT set29, indicated a Fe, Mn, Mg, Al, phosphate. The poor data quality precludes a definitive identification. An analysis redo is needed. The moderate aluminum and magnesium responses and a lack of calcium are a problem for a fairfieldite identification.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1.0 mm field of view
Field Collected: ex. Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen - Box 4 #3
Notes: The specimen is labeled as "Jahnsite - etc." The jahnsite is not very photogenic, appearing as root-beer colored lumps.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1.6 mm field of view
Field Collected: ex. Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen - #5271
Notes: Only one specimen with ferroberaunite was located. This ferroberaunite is somewhat pale and matted in comparison with ferroberaunite from other New Hampshire localities.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 3.5 cm specimen
Field Collected: David Busha - 1980's
Catalog No.:
Notes: Originally thought to be wolfeite. After EDS by Peter Cristofono and Tom Mortimer and again by Al Falster, it unexpectedly turned out to be fluorite. A David Busha photo.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 4.0 cm specimen
Field Collected: Dana Jewell - 1989
Catalog No.: Gordon Jackson #4119
Notes: Euhedral galena crystal in matrix. Rough surface and uniform color made it difficult to capture cubo-octahedral crystal shape.
[tm] This is the largest NH pegmatite galena crystal that I have seen.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 2 mm pyrite crystal altered to goethite-limonite on rusty quartz.
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer
Catalog No.: u395
Notes: Exposed pyrite crystals frequently alter to goethite.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1.8 mm field of view.
Field Collected: Dana Jewell 1984
Catalog No.: Harvard catalog # 127112
Notes: There were a lot of good crystals on this specimen. I just had to pick one area.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 12 cm specimen with 9 cm zone of deep reddish graftonite
Field Collected: Ralph Lingard, ex. Gene Bearss
Catalog No.: 1953
Notes: The laminar structure of the graftonite is visible in the 1 cm zoom view.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 3.3 cm specimen
Field Collected: David Busha - 1980's. A David Busha specimen and photo
Catalog No.: mindat # 1012407
Notes: The laminar structure of the graftonite is visible. An EDS analysis supported the graftonite identification.
While adding these web page notes, I reviewed the chemistry of graftonite. I discovered that in 2017, the graftonite chemistry had been redefined AND a new species, graftonite-Ca had been identified. There is a lot of calcium in this analysis of the David Busha graftonite, so I think that makes it a strong candidate for graftonite-Ca ! A mindat.org search shows graftonite-Ca is only reported from Poland (TL) and Italy.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 6 cm specimen
Field Collected: Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen. Fritz Moritz photo.
Notes: [tm] This view looks more like ferrisicklerite to me.
Woody remarks: "On the back side, the purple color of the heterosite is clearly evident. It's just hidden under the oxidation rind on the side that you see in the picture."
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1.0 mm hureaulite cluster
Field Collected: Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen, Box 2, #12
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 8.0 mm field of view
Field Collected: Steve Cares - 1960
Catalog No.: Harvard Collection # 12582
Notes: Photo from a stack of 162 images, 1.3 second exposure with diffused light.
Specimen label is "Montebrasite". [tm] I think this is hureaulite.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1.8 mm prismatic hydroxylherderite crystal, horizontal position
Field Collected: Inga Jewell
Catalog No.: u1311
Notes: The white mineral is apatite.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 3.5 mm crystal
Field Collected: Clayton Ford
Catalog No.: A Gordon Jackson collection specimen
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 2.2 mm field of view
Field Collected: Woody Thompson
Catalog No.: Woody Thompson #174
Notes: Radial structure of these balls is visible in the broken ones in the lower area.
Hydroxylherderite indicated by EDS Analysis.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 0.6 mm clear hydroxylherderite crystal
Field Collected: Bob Janules
Catalog No.: Tom Mortimer u1044
Notes: Bob Janules labeled this as phenakite. A Raman analysis (10/21) by George Adleman on this specimen provided a result indicating hydroxylherderite. The lavender color plot trace is the Raman RUFF reference for hydroxylherderite.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1.2 mm hydroxylherderite in an albite vug.
Field Collected: David Busha - 1980's
Catalog No.:
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 0.9 mm field of view
Field Collected: ex. Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen - #5141
Notes: Finding an isolated jahnsite crystal group on this 1.5 cm specimen was a challenge.
The jahnsite group member CaMnMn was suggested by Al Falster's EDS analysis.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 0.4 mm laueite crystal
Field Collected: ex. Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen - #5271
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1.6 mm field of view
Field Collected: ex. Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen - # 5214
Notes: The prominent mineral on this specimen is strengite. Label note says: "confirmed by Al Falster on another Keyes specimen."
Locality: Keyes #1 Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 2 mm high crystal group
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer - 1991
Catalog No.: u393
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 16.5 cm specimen
Field Collected: Unknown
Catalog No.:
Notes:
Locality: Keyes #1 Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 5 inch specimen with 3 inch crystals
Field Collected: Ex. Frederick Keidel collection
Catalog No.: University of Delaware Mineral Museum specimen
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 0.9 mm crystal cluster
Field Collected: ex. Ed Piela. Box 1, #1.
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen
Notes: A visual ID. Gordonite and sigloite should also be considered.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 7.0 mm field of view and 3.5 mm zoom view
Field Collected: ex. Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen, Box 3, #4
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 3.5 mm field of view
Field Collected: ex. Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen, Box 3, #2
Notes: Phosphosiderite and strengite are dimorphs, minerals with identical chemistry, negating EDS differentiation between these two species. Mindat.org has photos of similarly appearing lavender to blue balls of both phosphosiderite and strengite.
George Adleman performed a Raman analysis on these blue-lavender balls from the Keyes Mine. Two analysis plots included here, (Raman analysis 1 , Raman analysis 2), show a good match for phosphosiderite. In these plots, the "Session 007" (black trace) is the response of the Keyes sample, the "R" traces are RUFF data base reference plots for phosphosiderite and strengite.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1.5 mm field of view
Field Collected: ex. Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen, Box 3, #11
Notes: Black balls are rockbridgeite.
George Adleman performed a Raman analysis on these prismatic crystals from the Keyes Mine. Two analysis plots included here, (Raman analysis 3 , Raman analysis 4), show a good match for phosphosiderite. In these plots, the "Session 007" (black trace) is the response of the Keyes sample, the "R" traces are RUFF data base reference plots for phosphosiderite.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1.2 mm pyrite crystal with small tabular vivianite crystal
Field Collected: Clayton Ford. Acquired by Gordon Jackson 2003. Gifted to Tom Mortimer 9/16
Catalog No.: u1999
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 2 mm field of view
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer
Catalog No.: u060
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 6 cm x 4.5 cm x 0.8 cm thick quartz crystal
Field Collected: Dana Jewell
Catalog No.: Gordon Jackson specimen #4051
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 11 cm doubly-terminated gemmy pale smoky quartz
Field Collected:
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen. Fritz Moritz photo.
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 15 mm field of view & zoom view
Field Collected: ex. Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen, Box 1, #5
Notes: Red-brown rind is perhaps a jahnsite group mineral?
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 0.9 mm field of view
Field Collected: Steve Cares - 1960, #232
Catalog No.: Harvard collection #13111
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine #4, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 7 mm schorl crystal formed in albite vug.
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer
Catalog No.: 1171
Notes: This is the only schorl crystal that I have field collected that formed in a pegmatite vug.
The Keyes Mines are a group of six mined pegmatites. Keyes #1 is the largest and most heavily collected of these. Keyes #4 is a relatively small cut, mostly overgrown, in a deep woods setting.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 3.7 cm specimen
Field Collected: Curt G. Segeler
Catalog No.: A 2018 MMNE silent auction specimen.
Notes: [tm] This is the first Keyes Mine scorzalite I have seen.
Locality: Keyes #1 Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 3.5 mm field of view
Field Collected: Tom Mortimer
Catalog No.:
Notes: Lozenge habit siderite on muscovite.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1.1 mm pinkish-clear cluster, top photo. 6 mm field of view with balls, second photo.
Field Collected: Ed Piela
Catalog No.: Woody Thompson, box 1 #13
Notes: The crystal cluster in the top photo is on the left side of the balls in the lower photo.
Optical and EDS identification of strengite by Al Falster. Third photo from Al Falster.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1 mm field of view top photo, 2 mm bottom photo
Field Collected: Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson specimen
Notes: Unfortunately this small specimen popped off its peg and was lost.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 2 mm field of view
Field Collected: ex. Ed Piela
Catalog No.: A Woody Thompson collection specimen
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 3 mm field of view
Field Collected: Found in box of uncleaned, untrimmed, Keyes Mine specimens collected by Leroy Grant of Albany, NH (deceased). Collected in the 1970's.
Catalog No.: u2237
Notes: An EDS analysis indicated a tantalum-iron mineral, not bornite that was suggested from a visual identification. A second EDS analysis by Al Falster at the Maine Museum mineral lab also indicated a Ta-Fe mineral with niobium. An APFU calculated from the element atomic percents indicated Fe 2x to 3x the Ta.
The IMA species that best fits this chemistry is jedwabite, Fe7(Ta,Nb)3.
This specimen also has several small (< 1 mm) groups of torbernite crystals.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 0.3 mm cluster of torbernite crystals
Field Collected: Found in box of uncleaned, untrimmed, Keyes Mine specimens collected by Leroy Grant of Albany, NH (deceased). Collected in the 1970's.
Catalog No.: u2237
Notes: Green crystals not fluorescent. A dark blue copper mineral (bornite?) is close-by. Matrix has small, rust coated, muscovite crystals, typical of the Keyes #1 Mine. Phillip Morrill does not report torbernite from the Keyes Mines. Several groups of pale-blue, fluorescent yellow, apatite crystals are also present on this specimen.
Top photo with Canon T3i plus Nikon Plan 10 microscope objective. Helicon Focus, method B, 42 images. Lower photo with Canon SL3, LED lighting.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 9 cm specimen of massive triphylite
Field Collected: Dana Jewell - 1985
Catalog No.: A Gordon Jackson collection specimen #4073
Notes: Graftonite and possible wolfeite are also present on reverse side.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 8 mm field of view. Uraninite with uranophane (visual ID) rim.
Field Collected: ex. Gene Bearss, ex. Bob Janules
Catalog No.: u2516
Notes: Interesting concentric development of cubic crystal faces. The cream colored mineral is likely some other uranium secondary mineral.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1.6 mm field of view
Field Collected: ex. Gene Bearss, ex. Bob Janules
Catalog No.: u2516
Notes:
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: Overall specimen 9 mm field of view, other views as noted
Field Collected: Clayton Ford
Catalog No.: Woody Thompson #4846
Notes: Capturing the deep blue color of the vivianite on the light, reflective, pyrite is difficult.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1.4 cm field of view
Field Collected: Dana Jewell - 1985
Catalog No.: Gordon Jackson collection #4073
Notes: Glassy wine-red embedded in triphylite. EDS verification recommended.
The IMA just lists the end member chemistry, Fe2+2(PO4)(OH). The % oxide analysis given in Dana's System of Mineralogy 7th edition of the Palermo type material, lists 13.1% MnO with 44.4% FeO, and 2.3 % MgO.
Webmineral.com gives an empirical chemistry as: Fe2+1.5Mn2+0.5(PO4)(OH) .
EDS analysis (BC402) of a grain from this area indicated a Fe, Mn phosphate (Fe >> Mn) with some Mg, supporting a wolfeite identification.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: 1.0 mm field of view
Field Collected: Steve Cares - 1960
Catalog No.: Steve Cares #234. Harvard specimen #12108
Notes: Steve had this specimen labeled jahnsite in 1960. Whitmoreite was not described until 1974 !
Steve had a new mineral and did not know it.
Strengite and vivianite are also present on this specimen.
Locality: Keyes Mine, Orange, NH
Specimen Size: TBD field of view
Field Collected:
Catalog No.:
Notes: Photo from Al Falster